Surgery called vitrectomy is the best way to treat a macular hole. Your ophthalmologist removes the vitreous that is pulling on your macula. Then he or she puts a gas bubble inside the eye. This bubble helps flatten the macular hole and hold it in place while your eye heals. The gas bubble slowly goes away on its own.

Things to know about vitrectomy surgery for macular hole:

• Your eye may hurt after surgery. Your surgeon will have you take medicine to help with pain.
• You will need to wear an eye patch for a short time. You also will need to put drops in your eye.

In the face-down position, the bubble is in contact with the macula at the back of the eye.

• You must keep your face down or in a certain position at all times for up to a week, but maybe longer, after vitrectomy surgery. This is to keep the gas bubble in place to heal properly. Talk with your ophthalmologist about when you can do your everyday tasks again.
• You cannot fly in an airplane until the gas bubble is gone. This is because going up quickly in altitude can make eye pressure rise. That can cause problems with the bubble.
• If you need to have any other type of surgery, be sure to tell your doctor before surgery that you have a gas bubble in your eye.
• Your vision will improve as the macular hole closes. It may take several months for the hole to finish healing. How much vision you get back depends on the size of your macular hole. It also depends on how long the hole was there before you had surgery.

What are vitrectomy surgery risks?

Like any surgery, vitrectomy has risks. They include:

• Eye infection
• Bleeding in your eye
• A detached retina (where the retina lifts away from the back of the eye)
• Glaucoma, when pressure increases inside the eye
• Cataract, when the lens in your eye becomes cloudy

Your ophthalmologist will talk about these risks and how vitrectomy surgery may help you.